Homelesssness in uk Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Homelesssness in uk - Essay Example Thus, the given paper will provide the analysis of the causes of homelessness and the current situation in the UK. The laws of the United Kingdom put homeless people in very difficult situation. Due to the fact that since 1990s, housing policy in the UK has been a devolved matter, thus, homeless has not receive According to the research, millions of people are ‘hidden homeless’. This term can be applied to the families, which have to live with relatives or other families, because they have no money to pay for their separate residence, and ‘sofa surfers’ who had to spend night in their friends’ apartment. In 2013 the number of such amounted to 2,414 –37% more than in 2010. However, not all the cases are included in statistics and the real number of â€Å"sofa surfers† can be much higher (Patrick Butler 2015) Investigations show that the issue is becoming more and more complicated, thus it needs urgent resolution. The measures should be taken in practice and pure theoretical research is not enough. Homelessness occurs because of person’s life circumstances and the conditions created by the government. The reforms directed on the standard of level increase are the best way out (Patrick Butler 2015). Recent reforms such as benefits cuts contributed to the growth of number of homeless. 2. Structural reasons Structural consequences of homelessness affect the economy of the state and the standard of living in the society, moreover, they are very difficult to be monitored. The growth of unemployment rate and poverty are the main causes of homelessness The majority of homeless people do not consider themselves guilty in being homeless. They accuse their relatives, spouses, friends or other circumstances. The homeless consider welfare reforms to be the best way to struggle with the problem. Homelessness prevents people from living normal life. They appear to be isolated from the society, because they are homeless. Very often they remain uneducated, have

Case about International Commercial Arbitration Essay

Case about International Commercial Arbitration - Essay Example In the case of CalCo and IndCo, while disputes arose between them, CalCo filed a request for arbitration with ICC claiming various defaults and damages due to breaching contracts before attempting to resolve disputes inter alia. When IndCo filed suit in Mumbai High Court seeking inter alia with CalCo before the arbitration proceeding to be done and argued the contract was invalid or incapable of being performed the claimant filed a claim with California Federal Court to compel arbitration proceedings. IndCo responded saying that American court should wait until Mumbai court decides on the case and the contract has violated US antitrust laws. IndCo was still on the argument that the case is not arbitrable. According to the ‘arbitrational clause’ that both IndCo and CalCo agreed upon, each party has to appoint one arbitrator and the third one shall be appointed by Indian Chamber of Commerce, but this was not considered by ICC. Even though ICC tribunal decided that the case has close connection with Indian law and hence the contract is valid and awarded the claimant $ 2,000,000, the primary claims of IndCo that it is not arbitrable as according to their clause that an arbitration can be done only when both parties are unable to solve by negotiation, and secondly the appointment of arbitrators is not according to what both parties had agreed upon can be considered to be valid but this was not so considered by ICC. According to Article 10 of ICC (2008), â€Å"In the absence of such a joint nomination and where all parties are unable to agree to a method for the constitution of the Arbitral Tribunal, the Court may appoint each member of the Arbitral Tribunal and shall designate one of them to act as chairman. In such case, the Court shall be at liberty to choose any person it regards as suitable to act as arbitrator, applying Article 9 when it considers this appropriate† (p. 9).